The railway line from Makassar to Parepare in South Sulawesi will transform the province’s economy, people, and livelihoods, but it’s not without challenges. A study by Partnership for Australia-Indonesia Research (PAIR) identified hazards, risks, and potential solutions, such as creating effective risk management plans, a pricing strategy to increase demand, intermodal freight transport plan, and Smart Transportation master plan for five regions. The railway also offers opportunities for transit and cargo-oriented development.